The system presented here is a compromise between several reconstructions. The main one being:
- Baxter W.H. & Sagart L. 2014 - Old Chinese. A New Reconstruction
It’s slightly changed in some respects given the following reconstruction utilizing modern palaeographical research:
- 布之道 2022 - 廣韻形聲考
Other than that, some changes are made when the choise of a reconstruction is not wise in Baxter & Sagart 2014 (the notable example being 火). Changes include research on other Trans-Himalayan branches (especially Gyalrongic), palaeographical material, modern Sinitic topolects, other (S)EA languages etc. Some of the resources utilized:
- Старостин С.А. 1989 - Реконструкция древнекитайской фонологической системы
- Baxter W.H. 1992 - A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology
- Sagart L. 1999 - The Roots of Old Chinese
- Schuessler A. 2009 - Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese
- Osterkamp S. 2011 - Nicht-monosyllabische Phonogramme im Altjapanischen
- Gong X. 龔勳 2017 - Chinese loans in Old Vietnamese with a sesquisyllabic phonology
- Hill N.W. 2019 - The Historical Phonology of Tibetan, Burmese, and Chinese
- Zhang S. 章舒婭 & al. 2019 - A study of cognates between Gyalrong languages and Old Chinese
- Jacques G. 2020 - Voiced obstruents in Mien and Old Chinese reconstrucions
- 沙加爾 Sagart L. 2021 - 詩經押韻中的方言現象
- nkay 2023 - 諧声関係は上古漢語の口蓋垂音系列の再構を支持しない
- nkay 2023 - 曉母と重紐、「*qʰ-」と前舌母音
- Pulini M. 2024 - Some Attempts at Enhancing Old Chinese Reconstructions Through the Lens of Paleography
- ghost 2024 - Thoughts on Baxter & Sagart’s recent *X.p- hypothesis
- 何鳴飛 2025 - 特殊語音現象與古文字聲符分析
- 馬坤 & 沙加爾 Sagart L. 2025 - 論緝部在晚期上古漢語中的分化
- Sagart L. & Baxter W.H. 2025 - OC voiceless sonorants: a second look
etc…
Also, I refrained from explicitly showing morphology. Instead, affixes like *-s, *m- etc. are written without hyphens.