Glyph Origins

Radical ⼼ (61)

心 (U+5FC3)

ShangShang
(Bin)
Shang
(Wuming)
Middle
W.Zhou
Zhanguo
(Qin)
QinQinQinHanE.HanNanbei
(N.Wei)
Ming
集8554合3025合29004
[𢘅]
集10175駰乙.背睡.法52睡.日乙97睡.日乙102武醫44漢0061B南0265X字彙

{心} *səm “heart”

Depiction of a heart.

  • 于省吾 1979 - 甲骨文字釋林・釋心
  • 季旭昇 2014 - 說文新證 [2nd ed.] (787)

必 (U+5FC5)

Shang
(Bin)
Shang
(Bin)
Shang
(Wuming)
Late
W.Zhou
Late
W.Zhou
Zhanguo
(Qin)
QinQinHanNanbei
(N.Wei)
Nanbei
(N.Wei)
Ming
合4283懷962屯2170
[⿲木必木]
集181.2集10172集12109里耶8-138正睡.日乙101居新EPT40:202彭城王妃墓誌魏郭顯墓誌字彙

{柲} *prit “handle” ♪→ {必} *pit “certainly”

Depiction of a handle. Later decorative lines were added.

  • 裘錫圭 1980 - 釋“柲”
  • 季旭昇 2014 - 說文新證 [2nd ed.] (87)

悤 (U+60A4)

Shang
(Bin)
Late
W.Zhou
QinW.HanW.HanSanguo
(Wei)
Nanbei
(Song)
Nanbei
(N.Wei)
Nanbei
(N.Wei)
TangTangMing
合5346集4326睡.日甲158反北.淫39
[總]
北.周34
[蔥]
魏晉0032X
[總]
爨龍顔碑
[總]
元寶建墓誌
[聰]
南0291X
[總]
五經文字
[聰]
干祿字書
[聰]
字彙

{聰} *tsʰˤoŋ “clever” ♪→ {悤(悤)} *tsʰoŋ(tsʰoŋ) “quickly”

HEART + unknown element (probably a shortened form of ♪ *STOŊ).

  • 裘錫圭 1988 - 說字小記・說“悤”“聡”
  • 季旭昇 2014 - 說文新證 [2nd ed.] (761-762)

愛 (U+611B)

Zhanguo
(Chu)
Zhanguo
(Chu)
QinW.HanE.HanNanbei
(N.Wei)
Tang
清一.程寤9
[㤅]
上一.孔15睡.日乙82北.老154西狹頌元斌墓誌開石.周易3

{愛} *qˤə[p]s “to love”

HEART + ♪. Later decorative 夂 was added to .

  • 陳劍 2011 - 孔家坡漢簡的“祟”字
  • 禤健聰 2016 - 楚簡文字與《說文》互證舉例

Forms:

- Shortening based on the cursive form. Modern simplified form in China.